Explanation

Guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata, controlling gas exchange and transpiration.

They surround the stomata and change shape in response to environmental conditions, opening or closing the stomata as needed.

Explanation

Root hairs are long, thin, and tubular structures that increase the surface area of the root.

It allowing for a greater rate of absorption of water and minerals from the soil.

Explanation

In flowering plants, xylem is composed of four types of tissues:

1. Tracheids
2. Vessel elements
3. Xylem fibers
4. Xylem parenchyma

Explanation

Transpiration is the process by which plants lose internal water in the form of water vapor through aerial parts such as leaves, stems, and flowers.

This process occurs mainly through small openings called stomata.

Explanation

Each gram of fat supplies the body with approximately 9 calories.

This is more than the energy provided by carbohydrates (4 calories per gram) and protein (4 calories per gram).

Explanation

Starch is a type of carbohydrate that is quickly digested by the body.

It is a complex carbohydrate made up of long chains of glucose molecules.

It found in foods such as bread, pasta, and potatoes.

Explanation

Eutrophication occurs when excess nutrients from fertilizers enter water bodies, stimulating excessive plant growth and depleting oxygen, harming aquatic life.

This can lead to the formation of "dead zones" where few organisms can survive, degrading the ecosystem.

Explanation

Fertilizers are substances containing chemical elements that provide essential nutrients for plant growth, including:

• Nitrates (N) for leaf growth and development
• Phosphates (P) for root development, flower and fruit formation
• Potassium (K) for overall plant health and resistance to disease

Explanation

Macronutrients are the nutrients that are needed in the highest concentration by living organisms.

They include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, which provide energy and support growth and maintenance of tissues.

Explanation

Saprotrophs are living organisms that derive their food from dead and decaying organic materials.

It playing a crucial role in decomposing organic matter and recycling nutrients in ecosystems.