Explanation

 The theory of justice based on the principle "Kill the sin, not the sinner" is the reformative theory of punishment.

This theory, also known as rehabilitative sentencing, focuses on reforming criminals rather than solely punishing them. 

Explanation

 In the sense that other rights are dependent on them, Civil and Political Rights

They are considered more fundamental as they provide the foundation for the enjoyment of other rights, including economic, social, and cultural rights. 

Explanation

Explanation

• A land Tax imposed on the non-Muslim cultivator and landlords was known as Kharag.
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• Kharāj (Arabic: خراج) is a type of individual Islamic tax on agricultural land and its products, developed under Islamic law. 
• Kharaj was originally a property tax paid only by non-Muslims, but Muslims had to pay a "tithe".
• But finally, the term  Kharaj refers to all taxes paid to Islamic authorities.
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• The list of taxes imposed under Firoz Shah Tughlaq is as follows: Kharaj: land tax which was equal to one-tenth of the produce of the land.
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• Jizyah, historically, a tax paid by certain non-Muslim minorities to rulers in Muslim states.
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• VU FIA UDC CONSTABLE PAST PAPER 31-12-2021

Explanation

Hedonism is a philosophical theory that states that the ultimate goal of human life is to maximize pleasure and minimize pain.

Hedonists believe that pleasure is the only good in life, and pain is the only evil.