Explanation

Let's find the purchase price (cost price):

Selling price = Rs 25,000

Loss percentage = 20%

Let the cost price be x.

Since Naeem suffered a 20% loss:

Selling price = Cost price - Loss

25,000 = x - 0.20x

25,000 = 0.80x

Divide both sides by 0.80:

x = 25,000 / 0.80

x = 31,250

Explanation

 Decrease = 25,000 - 24,500 = 500

Percentage decrease = (500 / 25,000) × 100 = 2%

Explanation

1/50 = 2/100

= 2%

Explanation

Let's denote the number as x. According to the problem:

45 = 0.72x

To find x, divide both sides by 0.72:

x = 45 / 0.72

x = 62.5

Explanation

To find the value-added tax (VAT), we need to calculate the tax paid on purchase and tax charged on sale, then find the difference.

Purchase price = Rs. 6890

Tax paid on purchase = 4% of 6890

= 0.04 × 6890

= Rs. 275.6

Sale price = Rs. 7900

Tax charged on sale = 6% of 7900

= 0.06 × 7900

= Rs. 474

Value-added tax (VAT) = Tax charged on sale - Tax paid on purchase

= 474 - 275.6

= Rs. 198.4