Explanation

When an aldehyde is oxidized, it typically converts to a carboxylic acid.

This reaction involves the addition of an oxygen atom to the aldehyde, changing the carbonyl group (C=O) at the end of the carbon chain into a carboxyl group (–COOH).

Explanation

Mayonnaise is primarily made by emulsifying oil (usually vegetable oil) in water (along with vinegar or lemon juice and egg yolk, which contains emulsifiers).

This creates a stable mixture of oil droplets dispersed in the water phase.

Explanation

In beta-minus decay, a neutron is converted into a proton, increasing the number of protons and a corresponding increase in the atomic number of the element, while the mass number remains unchanged.

Thus, the new nucleus has one more proton than the original.

Explanation

In heavier nuclei, the number of neutrons typically exceeds the number of protons to help stabilize the nucleus.

This is due to the need for additional strong nuclear force to counteract the electrostatic repulsion between positively charged protons.

Explanation

Ice (solid water) is formed from molecules held together by hydrogen bonds, making it a molecular solid.

Explanation

Lunar soil is composed mainly of silicate minerals, with silicon dioxide (SiO₂) being a significant component.

Other components include various metal oxides like Fe₂O₃ and MgO, but SiO₂ is prevalent in the overall composition.

Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) and sodium chloride (NaCl) are not typically found in lunar soil.

Explanation

Benzene is the archetypical aromatic compound.

It is planar, bond angles=120º, all carbon atoms in the ring are sp2 hybridized, and the pi-orbitals are occupied by 6 electrons.

Explanation

When Cl₂ is removed, the equilibrium will favor the formation of PCl₅ to restore balance, shifting to the left to compensate for the change.

Explanation

A) Hydrogen - Very low solubility in water, decreases with increasing temperature.

B) Oxygen - Solubility decreases with increasing temperature; however, it is more soluble than hydrogen.

C) Air - A mixture of gases (mostly nitrogen and oxygen); individual gases like oxygen can dissolve, but overall solubility is affected by temperature.

Correct Answer: B) Oxygen

Oxygen is more soluble in water than hydrogen, and although its solubility decreases with increasing temperature, it remains the most soluble option among those listed.

Explanation

A) Methane (CH₄) - Molecular weight = 16 g/mol
B) Ethane (C₂H₆) - Molecular weight = 30 g/mol
C) Propane (C₃H₈) - Molecular weight = 44 g/mol
D) Butane (C₄H₁₀) - Molecular weight = 58 g/mol

Correct Answer: D) Butane

Butane is the heaviest among the options listed, with a molecular weight of 58 g/mol.