Explanation

Qiyas (قياس) is the principle of analogical reasoning in Islamic jurisprudence.

It involves using reasoning by analogy to derive a ruling or judgment in a particular case, based on a similar case or principle established in the Quran, Hadith, or previous juristic decisions.

Qiyas is one of the four main sources of Islamic law, alongside:

1. Quran (the holy book of Islam)
2. Hadith (the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad)
3. Ijma (consensus of the Muslim community)
4. Qiyas (analogical reasoning)

Explanation

Al-Shafi'i (d. 820 CE) was a renowned Islamic scholar and jurist who developed the theory of "The Four Sources of Shariah" (الشرعية الأربعة):

1. Quran (القرآن)
2. Hadith (الحديث)
3. Ijma (الإجماع) - Consensus of the Muslim community
4. Qiyas (القياس) - Analogical reasoning

Explanation

Ismah (عصمة) is the Islamic concept of the "Infallibility of Prophets".

It refers to the belief that prophets are protected from committing sins and errors in their teachings and actions.

This concept is based on the idea that prophets are chosen by Allah (God) to convey His message to humanity, and therefore, they must be trustworthy and reliable.

Explanation

Farz Kifayah is also known as Collective Duty.

It refers to the Islamic concept where the community as a whole is responsible for ensuring that certain duties and obligations are fulfilled.

This includes enforcing moral and social justice, promoting good, and preventing evil.

If the community fails to fulfill these duties, individual members may be held accountable.

Explanation

In Islamic jurisprudence, the primary source of Shariah Law is the Quran.

It is considered the word of God as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (SAW).

The Quran is the foundation of Islamic law.

It is considered the ultimate authority in all matters of faith and practice.