Explanation

• Shahid is older than Ahmed, so Shahid > Ahmed.

• Ahmed is older than Fatima, so Ahmed > Fatima.

• Fatima is older than Bilal, so Fatima > Bilal.

Explanation

Setup:

Six products (U, V, W, X, Y, and Z) are to be placed on six stalls in the “Pakistan Cultural Exhibition,” numbered 1 through 6 from left to right. The following conditions apply:

1. U cannot be immediately to the left or immediately to the right of V.
2. W must be immediately to the left of X.
3. Z cannot be on stall 6

Which of the following products CANNOT be placed on stall 1?

Options: A. U
B. V
C. W
D. X

Correct Answer: C
Reason: Since W must be immediately to the left of X, W cannot be placed on stall 1 because there would be no space for X on the left.

If X is placed on stall 3, W must be placed on which stall?

Options:

A. 2
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6

Correct Answer: A
Reason: W must be immediately to the left of X, so if X is on stall 3, W must be on stall 2.

If U is placed on stall 5, which of the following products must be placed on stall 6?

Options:

A. V
B. W
C. X
D. Y

Correct Answer: D
Reason: Z cannot be on stall 6 (as per the rules). W and X must be adjacent, so they cannot fit in 5 and 6. Y is the only option left for stall 6.

If Z is placed on stall 3, immediately to the right of X, which of the following products must be placed on stall 5?

Options:

A. V
B. W
C. X
D. Y

Correct Answer: D
Reason:Since Z is in stall 3, and it's immediately to the right of X, this means:

X must be in stall 2

W must be in stall 1 (since W is to the left of X).

Now, stalls 4, 5, and 6 remain for U, V, and Y.

If U is placed in stall 5, V cannot be adjacent (i.e., stall 4 or 6).

This means Y must be placed on stall 5 to allow V and U to be separated.

Explanation

Statement I, which indicates that taxes on all businesses have increased, is likely to lead to Statement II, where many small businesses will have to close their operations due to the higher tax burden.

Explanation

Based on the statements:

• Since some tools are useless things and all useless things are trash, it follows that some tools must be trash.
• Conclusion I cannot be confirmed as we do not know if any hammers fall into the category of tools that are trash.
• Conclusion III is false because not all useless things are tools.

Thus, only II is necessarily true.

Explanation

• P is 2 (the smallest non-negative even number).
• Q is 9 (the largest odd number).
• R is 5.

So, (P + Q + R) = 2 + 9 + 5 = 16.