Explanation

Functional residual capacity (FRC), is the volume remaining in the lungs after a normal, passive exhalation.

It is the combination of residual volume (RV) and the expiratory reserve volume

In a normal individual, this is about 3L.

The FRC also represents the point of the breathing cycle

where the lung tissue elastic recoil and chest wall outward expansion are balanced and equal.

Explanation

Among the options provided, the condition that is commonly associated with long-standing cases of chronic suppurative otitis media is:

• Persistent tympanic membrane (T.M.) perforation
  

Chronic suppurative otitis media can cause a persistent perforation of the tympanic membrane, especially with repeated or chronic infections.

Explanation

Among the options provided, the condition that is commonly associated with long-standing cases of chronic suppurative otitis media is:

• Persistent tympanic membrane (T.M.) perforation
  

Chronic suppurative otitis media can lead to persistent perforation of the tympanic membrane,

which may fail to heal over time, especially in cases with repeated or chronic infections.

Explanation

Among the statements provided, the accurate one regarding the alveolar region of the lungs is:

Surfactant-secreting cells form a continuous cytoplasmic layer lining the alveoli.

Surfactant-secreting cells, known as type II alveolar cells or pneumocytes

It produces surfactant, which reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing collapse and promoting gas exchange.

Explanation

Ampicillin. Like erythromycin, is recommended treatment for genitourinary chlamydial infection 

It is commonly prescribed as the first-line treatment for pregnant women with chlamydial infection.

Explanation

After gastrectomy, malabsorption is a common condition

That may occur due to the reduced capacity of the digestive system to properly absorb nutrients.

Impaired digestion and nutrient absorption occur without the stomach, leading to malabsorption syndromes.

Explanation

For high‐risk GTN, EMA/CO is the most commonly used first‐line therapy, with platinum‐etoposide combinations

EMA/CO therapy consists of the combination of etoposide, methotrexate, and actinomycin D, along with cyclophosphamide and vincristine.

Explanation

Arterial pH remains relatively stable during pregnancy

Reflecting the effective regulation of acid-base balance by the body's homeostatic mechanisms.

During pregnancy, the respiratory system changes to accommodate the needs of the fetus while arterial pH typically remains stable.

These include:

• increased oxygen consumption
• alterations in lung volumes
• adjustments in respiratory mechanics

Explanation

The statement that is not correct regarding snake bites is The type of first aid given to the victim will decide the severity of the outcome.

The first aid given may help in stabilizing the victim temporarily but does not ultimately determine the severity of the outcome.

While prompt and appropriate first aid can help mitigate the effects of a snake bite,

the severity of the outcome is influenced by various factors including:

• the type of snake
• the amount of venom injected
• the location of the bite
• the size and health of the victim
• the availability and timeliness of medical treatment.
  

Explanation

Immunization against hepatitis B also protects against hepatitis D (HDV) infection.

Hepatitis D virus can only infect individuals who are already infected with hepatitis B.

Therefore, vaccination against hepatitis B also prevents hepatitis D infection, as the hepatitis B surface antigen is necessary for the HDV to replicate.