KMU CAT PAST PAPERS AND SYLLABUS
چار آپشن میں سے کسی ایک پر کلک کرنے سے جواب سرخ ہو جائے گا۔
- Hair
- Nails .Outer skin
- All of these
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Explanation
Keratin is a structural protein found in hair, nails, and the outer layer of the skin.
Keratin serves important structural and protective functions, particularly in the epithelium.
- Fumaric acid
- Citric acid
- Malic acid
- Alpha-ketoglutarate
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Explanation
Alpha-ketoglutarate is a five-carbon compound in the Kreb's cycle.
Citric acid (citrate) and malic acid are six-carbon and four-carbon compounds, respectively.
- Link reaction
- Kreb's cycle
- Electron transport chain
- All of the above
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Explanation
The link reaction (pyruvate to acetyl-CoA), Kreb's cycle (citric acid cycle), and the electron transport chain all occur in the mitochondria.
- Potassium shift
- Sodium shift
- Chloride shift
- All of the above
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Explanation
The chloride shift, or Hamburger's phenomenon
Refers to the exchange of chloride ions (Cl⁻) for bicarbonate ions (HCO₃⁻)
Across the red blood cell membrane to maintain electrochemical balance.
- total volume
- tidal volume
- residual volume
- none of the above
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Explanation
Residual volume is the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a maximum exhalation,
preventing the lungs from collapsing and allowing for continuous gas exchange.
- E. coli
- Mycobacterium
- Xanthomonas
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens
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Explanation
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a bacterium commonly used to introduce foreign genes into plants, creating transgenic plants like golden rice.
It naturally transfers DNA into plant genomes.
- Law of Segregation
- Law of Independent Assortment
- Law of Dominance
- Law of Incomplete Dominance
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Explanation
The Law of Independent Assortment states that alleles for different traits are segregated independently of one another during gamete formation.
This is illustrated in a dihybrid cross where two pairs of contrasting traits are examined.
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
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Explanation
The sodium-potassium pump (Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase) actively transports 3 Na⁺ ions out of the cell and 2 K⁺ ions into the cell for each cycle,
For maintaining the electrochemical gradient
- 10/16
- 9/16
- 6/16
- 1/8
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Explanation
For two non-linked genes, the probability of obtaining parental-type offspring in the F2 generation is 6/16,
There are 6 possible combinations of the parental genotypes out of 16 total possible combinations.
- Thyroid
- Parathyroid
- Pituitary
- Adrenals
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Explanation
Exophthalmia and Graves' disease are related to thyroid gland dysfunction.
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder
That causes hyperthyroidism, and exophthalmia (bulging eyes) is a common symptom of this condition