Explanation

Permanent access for hemodialysis is obtained through an arteriovenous (AV) fistula.

This access involves surgically connecting an artery to a vein.

It typically in the arm, to provide a durable and effective means for blood flow during dialysis.

Explanation

IMNCI provides health care to children up to 5 years of age.

It aiming to reduce preventable mortality and promote healthy growth by addressing major causes of illness and morbidity.

Explanation

The correct transformation is: Although it was raining heavily, the event continued as planned."

It accurately conveys the contrast between the heavy rain and the event proceeding as intended.

Explanation

Stratified Sampling is a probability sampling method where the population is divided into subgroups (strata), and random samples are drawn from each stratum to ensure representation.

Other types of probability sampling include Simple Random Sampling, Cluster Sampling, and Systematic Sampling.

Explanation

"While the UK has earned record revenue this year, it still lags well behind in exports."

It still lags means یہ اب بھی پیچھے ہے

This indicates that despite high revenue, the UK is still significantly behind in export performance.

Explanation

The large intestine contains the largest bacterial ecosystem in the human body.

About 99% of the large intestine and feces flora are made up of obligate anaerobes 

These bacteria play crucial roles in various bodily functions, including:

• Digestion
• Vitamin Production
• Immune System Support
• Protection Against Pathogens
• Metabolic Health
• Gut Barrier Maintenance
  

Explanation

The spinal canal is not a derivative of the ectoderm.

It is formed from the mesoderm during embryonic development.

The ectoderm gives rise to structures such as:

•  the skin
• nervous system (including the brain and spinal cord)
• tooth enamel

Explanation

For diagnostic purposes, to reach the liver, a dye would typically be injected into the portal vein

Which supplies the liver with nutrient-rich blood from the gastrointestinal tract.

*

The ligamentum teres is a remnant of the fetal umbilical vein and does not serve as a current blood vessel.

Explanation

The Mullerian ducts develop into the female reproductive structures such as:

• the fallopian tubes
• uterus
• the upper part of the vagina.

The ductus deferens is derived from the Wolffian ducts and is part of the male reproductive system.

Explanation

According to the EPI schedule, the recommended vaccines at birth are:

• the Polio vaccine (oral or inactivated) 
• the BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine.