Explanation

The European Union starts the initial phase of its plan for the world's first carbon border tax next month, requiring importers to report the CO2 emissions of products sold into Europe, such as steel and cement, or risk financial penalties. 

Explanation

Other names: G77+, G77+China

Total members: 134 (2019)

Founded on: 15 June,1964 (77 members)

Venue: Havana, Cuba

Cuban President: Miguel Diaz-Canel

It is a group of developing and emerging countries representing 80% of the global population, gathers on Sept 16, 2023, to promote a "new economic world order" 

Explanation

In Sept 2023, Germany became the 29th country to sign the Artemis Accord, a US-led multilateral agreement meant to establish norms of behavior in space and on the lunar surface.

In May 2023, The Czech Republic and Spain officially signed the Accords.
In June 2023, India officially signed the Accords.



Explanation

President Xi Jinping will skip the New Delhi summit since the 1st edition 2008 though in 2020 & 2021 - during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Premier Li Qiang will host his country's delegation.

About G20 summit 2023

Venue: New Delhi, India 

IMEC was formed during this summit.

IMEC stands for India- Middle East Europe Corridor

IMEC is envisioned as a network of transport corridors 

Indian PM Narendra Modi used nameplate: Bharat

Indian PM Narendra Modi handed over presidency to: Brazil

New member: African Union 

G20 new name: G21

Absent: Chinese President Xi Jinping

Explanation

• Jens Stoltenberg replaced Anders Fogh Rasmussen to become NATO Secretary General in 2014.
• Jens Stoltenberg hails from Norway.
• Jens Stoltenberg's contract has been extended for third rime in a row.
• Jens Stoltenberg will serve as NATO Chief until October 2024.
• Jens Stoltenberg has also served PM of Norway. 
  
  

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Explanation

• On 9 June, 2017 India and Pakistan became full members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO).
• The SCO Headquarters: Beijing, China
• The SCO Founded: June 15, 2001
• The SCO currently comprises of nine Members States (China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Iran and Uzbekistan), four Observer States

• On 9 July 2023, Iran became 9th member of SCO. 

Explanation

• On 9 June, 2017 India and Pakistan became full members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO).
• The SCO Headquarters: Beijing, China
• The SCO Founded: June 15, 2001
• The SCO currently comprises of nine Members States (China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Iran and Uzbekistan), four Observer States

• On 9 July 2023, Iran became 9th member of SCO. 

Explanation

In June 2023, United Nations World Food Programme temporarily suspended food aid to Ethiopia because it is unable to reach those in need. 

Explanation

NATO full form: North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Founded: 4 April 1949 (Washington, USA)

Headquarters: Brussels, Belgium

Total members: 31 (29 European & 2 North American countries)

Latest Member: Finland

NATO Type: Military Alliance

NATO Official Languages: English & French

Founding members: 12

Pakistan: Not a NATO member

Member Muslim country: Turkiye 

Last Member: On 4 April 2023, Finland became the 31st member on the 74th anniversary of NATO.

List of NATO member countries

1.       Albania

2.       Belgium

3.       Bulgaria

4.       Canada

5.       Croatia

6.       Czechia

7.       Denmark

8.       Estonia

9.       France

10.   Germany

11.   Greece

12.   Hungary

13.   Iceland

14.   Italy

15.   Latvia

16.   Lithuania

17.   Luxembourg

18.   Montenegro

19.   Netherlands

20.   North Macedonia

21.   Norway

22.   Poland

23.   Portugal

24.   Romania

25.   Slovakia

26.   Slovenia

27.   Spain

28.   Turkiye

29.   United Kingdom

30.   United States

31.   Finland

Explanation

India holds the presidency of the G20 from 1 December 2022 to 30 November 2023. 

The G20 is an intergovernmental forum comprising 19 countries and the European Union.

Founded: September 26, 1999.