Explanation

Nigeria is the first country in the world to introduce vaccine for meningitis

Nigeria has become the first country in the world to roll out the "revolutionary" new Men5CV vaccine against meningitis.

Nigeria is one of the hotspots of the deadly disease in Africa.

In 2023, a 50% rise in annual cases was reported across 26 African countries regarded as meningitis hyperendemic countries

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Explanation

Smallpox induces long-term immunity after infection or vaccination.

It providing lifelong protection against future infections.

Explanation

Penta vaccine is a combination of five vaccines: Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Hib, and Hepatitis B.

If a child has received the first dose of Penta vaccine.

The second dose should also be Penta vaccine, as it is a primary immunization series.

Explanation

BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) vaccine is administered intradermally.

It typically on the left upper arm, to children to protect against tuberculosis.

Intradermal administration means the vaccine is injected into the top layer of skin, which helps to stimulate an immune response.

Explanation

A Vaccine Vial Monitor (VVM) is a small sticker or label attached to vaccine vials.

It indicates whether the vaccine has been stored at the correct temperature.

It helps healthcare workers determine the potency and safety of the vaccine.

Explanation

IgM antibodies are produced in response to polysaccharide antigens, like pneumococcal bacteria, without prior exposure or immune activation.

Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide is a T-independent antigen, stimulating an IgM-dominated response without T cell involvement.

Explanation

In the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI), MMR vaccine is used to protect against measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles).

MMR vaccine is typically administered in two doses.

At 9-12 months and 16-24 months of age, to provide protection against these three diseases.

Explanation

Herpes zoster vaccine is also known as Shingrix.

It is commonly given to prevent shingles, a viral infection that causes a painful rash.

It is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus.

Explanation

WHO coordinates global vaccination efforts and campaigns.

WHO's immunization program aims to protect people of all ages against vaccine-preventable diseases.

It has been instrumental in global efforts to eradicate smallpox and polio.

Explanation

خسرہ بچاو مہم میں، موثر نگرانی کے لیے واپس آئے گئے ایمروزیشن نظام کو مضبوط بنانے پر زور دیا گیا۔ اس نظام میں خسرہ کی انتشار کا تعین کیا جاتا ہے اور مکمل طور پر انتشار کو روکنے کے لیے احتیاطی تدابیر اختیار کیے جاتے ہیں۔

یہ نظام مختلف معلومات کو جمع کرتا ہے، جیسے کہ بچوں کی معلومات، مقامات، اور ویکسینیشن کے اعداد و شمار کو محفوظ رکھتا ہے تاکہ خسرہ کی وجہ سے نقصان کو ممکنہ حد تک روکا جا سکے۔