Explanation

If an inversion does not include the centromere, it's known as a paracentric inversion. 

Explanation

 In Pakistan, mammals have the highest number of endangered species among vertebrates, followed by birds and reptiles. 

The wildlife of Pakistan comprises a diverse flora and fauna in a wide range of habitats from sea level to high elevation areas in the mountains, including

195 species of mammals (including 13 subspecies),

Endemic Species: 6

Number of orders: 10

668 bird species

More than 5000 species of Invertebrates

Explanation

 In IUCN categories, for a species to be considered "Vulnerable" based on the extent of occurrence (B1), the geographical range should be less than 20,000 square kilometers. 

Explanation

 In an ecosystem, a rabbit is classified as a primary consumer because it is ae

Explanation

The unit of rock that represents all rocks formed during the same geological time scale is a Series. 

Geochronologic Units:

The units of time in the geological time scale are called geochronologic units (e.g., eon, era, period, epoch)

Explanation

 Direct observation methods for tracking mammals have limitations, especially for nocturnal species.

Since these animals are active at night, low visibility makes it difficult to observe them directly.

Additionally, dense habitats and shy behavior further reduce the effectiveness of this method.

Explanation

 Non-invasive Genetic Sampling:

This method involves collecting genetic material (like DNA) from animals without direct contact, for example, through scat, hair, or shed skin.

Applications:

Species Identification: Identifying species based on genetic markers.

Individual Identification: Distinguishing between individuals within a population.

Population Size Estimation: Estimating the size of a population using genetic data.

Genetic Diversity Analysis: Assessing the genetic diversity and structure of populations.

Explanation

 Bilateral symmetry is crucial for an active lifestyle as it allows for efficient movement and better sensory perception.

Organisms with bilateral symmetry, such as humans and most animals, have a streamlined body plan that enhances coordination, directional movement, and faster responses to environmental stimuli.

Explanation

The pectoral and pelvic fins are the paired fins in fishes. 

Paired fins:

Fish have two sets of paired fins: pectoral and pelvic. 

Pectoral fins:

These are located on the sides of the fish, and they are used for steering and maneuvering. 

Pelvic fins:

These are located on the ventral (belly) side of the fish, and they help with balance and stability. 

Unpaired fins:

The dorsal, anal and caudal fins are unpaired and situated along the midline of the body. 

Explanation

The Line Transect Method is a survey technique where an observer follows a fixed pathway (transect) and records bird sightings along the way.

This method is useful for estimating bird populations, species distribution, and habitat preferences.