Snowball sampling is a method in research where existing participants are asked to nominate further people known to them who fit the criteria for the study.
This approach is often used when the target population is hard to reach or identify initially.
The Spiral Curriculum is an educational concept that focuses on revisiting key concepts over time in the context of new learning experiences.
It emphasizes the iterative process of learning, where students encounter fundamental ideas multiple times throughout their education, each time building upon their previous understanding in a deeper and more complex way.
The Three Circles Model of World Englishes was presented by Braj Kachru.
Kachru, an influential linguist, proposed this model to categorize the spread and use of English globally into three concentric circles: the Inner Circle, the Outer Circle, and the Expanding Circle.
In research, a variable is a characteristic that can be measured and that can assume different values.
Variables can be independent (manipulated) or dependent (measured), and they are central to the research process as they are what researchers investigate and analyze to answer research questions or test hypotheses.
The terms "langue" and "parole" were used by Ferdinand de Saussure.
He was a Swiss linguist known for his structuralist approach to the study of language.
In his work "Course in General Linguistics," Saussure distinguished between "langue," which refers to the abstract, systematic structure of a language, and "parole," which refers to the individual instances of speech or writing produced by speakers.
